Fasahar narkewa
A halin yanzu, narkar da kayayyakin sarrafa tagulla gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar murhun murɗawa induction, sannan kuma yana ɗaukar murƙushe tanderun reverberatory da narkewar murhu.
Ƙwaƙwalwar tanderun shigar da wutar lantarki ya dace da kowane nau'in jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kuma yana da halaye na tsaftataccen narkewa da tabbatar da ingancin narkewa.Dangane da tsarin tanderun, an raba tanderun shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa manyan tanderun induction da tanderun shigar da ba su da tushe.Tanderun shigar da wutar lantarki yana da halaye na ingantaccen samarwa da ingantaccen yanayin zafi, kuma ya dace da ci gaba da narkewa iri-iri na jan karfe da gami da jan karfe, kamar jan jan karfe da tagulla.Murnar shigar da ba ta da tushe tana da halaye na saurin ɗumamawa da sauƙin sauya nau'ikan gami.Ya dace da narkar da jan karfe da tagulla tare da babban wurin narkewa da nau'ikan iri daban-daban, kamar tagulla da cupronickel.
Wutar shigar da Vacuum tanderu ce mai induction tanderun da aka sanye da tsarin vacuum, wanda ya dace da narkewar tagulla da tagulla masu sauƙi don shaƙa da oxidize, kamar jan ƙarfe mara oxygen, bronze beryllium, bronze zirconium, tagulla na magnesium, da sauransu don injin lantarki.
Reverberatory tanderun narkewa na iya tacewa da kuma cire datti daga narke, kuma an fi amfani da shi wajen narkewar tagulla.Tanderun murhu wani nau'in murhun wuta ne mai saurin ci gaba da narkewa, wanda ke da fa'idar ingantaccen yanayin zafi, yawan narkewa, da kuma rufe tanderun da ya dace.Ana iya sarrafawa;babu tsarin tsaftacewa, don haka ana buƙatar yawancin albarkatun ƙasa don zama jan karfe na cathode.Gabaɗaya ana amfani da tanderun shaft tare da ci gaba da injunan simintin simintin gyare-gyare don ci gaba da yin simintin, kuma ana iya amfani da su tare da riƙon tanderu don yin simintin ci gaba.
Haɓaka haɓakar fasahar samar da narkewar tagulla galibi ana nunawa a cikin rage ƙona asarar albarkatun ƙasa, rage iskar oxygen da inhalation na narkewa, haɓaka ingancin narkewar, da ɗaukar inganci mai inganci (yawan narkewar tanderun induction ya fi girma). fiye da 10 t / h), babban sikelin (ikon wutar lantarki na iya zama mafi girma fiye da 35 t / saiti), tsawon rai (rayuwar rufin shine shekaru 1 zuwa 2) da ceton makamashi (amfani da makamashin shigar tanderun kasa da 360 kW h/t), murhun wutar lantarki sanye take da na'urar gas na gas (CO gas degassing), da wutar lantarki firikwensin firikwensin ya ɗauki tsarin feshi, kayan sarrafa lantarki yana ɗaukar bidirectional thyristor tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta mitar, preheating tanderu, yanayin tanderun da refractory zafin jiki filin saka idanu da kuma ƙararrawa tsarin, da rike tanderun sanye take da a auna na'urar, da kuma zafin jiki kula ne mafi daidai.
Kayan Aiki - Layin Slitting
Samar da layin slitting na jan ƙarfe shine ci gaba da tsagawa da layin samarwa wanda ke faɗaɗa faɗuwar coil ta hanyar uncoiler, yanke coil ɗin zuwa cikin faɗin da ake buƙata ta na'urar tsagawa, sannan a mayar da shi cikin coils da yawa ta hanyar winder.(Storage Rack) Yi amfani da crane don adana juzu'i a kan ma'ajiyar ajiya
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(Mota mai lodawa) Yi amfani da trolley ɗin ciyarwa don saka kayan nadi da hannu akan ganga mai buɗewa da ƙara matsawa sama.
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(Uncoiler and anti-loosening pressure roller) Cire nada tare da taimakon jagorar buɗewa da abin nadi mai matsa lamba
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(NO·1 madauki da gada lilo) ajiya da buffer
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(Jagorar gefuna da na'urar abin nadi) Masu rollers a tsaye suna jagorantar takardar zuwa cikin abin nadi don hana karkacewa, faɗin abin nadi na jagora a tsaye da matsayi suna daidaitawa.
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(Slitting Machine) shigar da injin slitting don sakawa da tsagawa
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(Kujerar juzu'i mai saurin canzawa) Musanya ƙungiyar kayan aiki
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(Na'urar iska mai jujjuyawa) Yanke tarkacen
↓(Outlet karshen jagora tebur da coil wut stopper) Gabatar da NO.2 madauki
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(swing gada da NO.2 madauki) ajiyar kayan abu da kawar da bambancin kauri
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(Latsa farantin karfe tashin hankali da iska fadada shaft rabuwa na'urar) samar da tashin hankali karfi, farantin da bel rabuwa
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(Slitting Shear, na'urar auna tsayin sitiya da tebur jagora) Ma'aunin tsayi, tsayayyen tsayin nada, jagorar zaren tef
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(Winder, separation na'urar, tura faranti na'urar) SEPARATOR tsiri, coiling
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(motar sauke kaya, marufi) zazzage tef ɗin tagulla da marufi
Fasahar Motsa Jiki
Ana amfani da mirgina mai zafi don billet ɗin ingots don zane, tsiri da samarwa.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don billet ɗin billet yakamata suyi la'akari da abubuwa kamar nau'ikan samfuri, sikelin samarwa, hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, da sauransu, kuma suna da alaƙa da yanayin kayan aikin mirgina (kamar buɗaɗɗen nadi, diamita na yi, daɗaɗɗen mirgina, ƙarfin mota, da tsayin tebur na abin nadi) , da sauransu.Gabaɗaya, rabo tsakanin kauri na ingot da diamita na mirgine shine 1: (3.5 ~ 7): nisa yawanci daidai yake da ko sau da yawa nisa na ƙãre samfurin, kuma nisa da girman adadin ya kamata ya zama daidai. la'akari.Gabaɗaya, nisa na katako ya kamata ya zama 80% na tsawon jikin nadi.Tsawon ingot ya kamata a yi la'akari da hankali bisa ga yanayin samarwa.Gabaɗaya magana, a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa za'a iya sarrafa zafin jiki na ƙarshe na mirgina mai zafi, tsawon lokacin ingot, mafi girman ingancin samarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun masana'antar sarrafa tagulla kanana da matsakaita na gabaɗaya (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, kuma nauyin ingot shine 1.5 ~ 3 t;Bayanin ingot na manyan masana'antar sarrafa tagulla Gabaɗaya, shine (150～250)mm ×(630～1250)mm ×(2400～8000)mm, kuma nauyin ingot ɗin shine 4.5～20 t.
A lokacin zazzafar mirgina, zafin saman nadi yana tashi sosai a daidai lokacin da nadi yana hulɗa da yanki mai zafi mai zafi.Maimaita faɗaɗa yanayin zafi da ƙanƙantar sanyi suna haifar da tsagewa da tsagewa a saman nadi.Saboda haka, sanyaya da lubrication dole ne a yi a lokacin zafi mirgina.Yawancin lokaci, ruwa ko ƙananan emulsion ana amfani dashi azaman sanyaya da lubricating matsakaici.Jimlar yawan aiki na mirgina mai zafi shine gabaɗaya 90% zuwa 95%.Matsakaicin tsiri mai zafi gabaɗaya shine 9 zuwa 16 mm.Niƙan tsiri bayan mirgina mai zafi na iya cire yadudduka oxide, kutsawa sikeli da sauran lahanin saman da aka samar yayin simintin gyare-gyare, dumama da mirgina mai zafi.Dangane da tsananin lahani na farfajiyar tsiri mai zafi da buƙatun tsari, adadin niƙa na kowane gefe shine 0.25 zuwa 0.5 mm.
Motoci masu zafi gabaɗaya su ne injinan jujjuyawa mai tsayi biyu ko babba huɗu.Tare da haɓakar ingot da ci gaba da tsayin tsayin tsiri, matakin sarrafawa da aikin injin mirgina mai zafi yana da yanayin ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓakawa, kamar yin amfani da sarrafa kauri ta atomatik, jujjuyawar lankwasa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, gaba da baya. a tsaye Rolls, kawai sanyaya Rolls ba tare da sanyaya Rolling na'urar, TP yi (Taper Pis-ton Roll) kambi iko, online quenching (quenching) bayan mirgina, online coiling da sauran fasahar inganta uniformity na tsiri tsarin da kaddarorin da kuma samun mafi alhẽri. farantin karfe.
Fasahar Casting
Ana rarraba simintin simintin ƙarfe na tagulla da gami da tagulla zuwa: simintin gyare-gyare na tsaka-tsaki, cikakken ci gaba da simintin gyare-gyare, ci gaba da simintin gyare-gyare a kwance, ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare na sama da sauran fasahohin simintin simintin.
A. Simintin gyare-gyare Semi-ci gaba
Simintin gyare-gyare na tsaka-tsaki na tsaye yana da halaye na kayan aiki masu sauƙi da samarwa masu sassauƙa, kuma ya dace da jefar nau'ikan zagaye da lebur na jan karfe da gami da jan karfe.Yanayin watsa na'urar simintin gyare-gyare na tsaye ya kasu zuwa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, dunƙule gubar da igiyar waya.Domin isar da iskar hydraulic yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali, an ƙara amfani da shi.Ana iya girgiza crystallizer tare da amplitudes daban-daban da mitoci kamar yadda ake buƙata.A halin yanzu, hanyar simintin gyare-gyare na ɗan lokaci ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da ingots na jan karfe da tagulla.
B. Cikakkun simintin gyare-gyare na tsaye
Cikakkun simintin gyare-gyare na tsaye yana da halaye na babban fitarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa (kimanin 98%), wanda ya dace da babban sikeli da ci gaba da samar da ingots tare da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma yana zama ɗayan manyan hanyoyin zaɓi don narkewa da simintin gyare-gyare. tsari akan manyan layukan samar da tsiri na tagulla na zamani.A tsaye cikakken ci gaba da simintin gyaran kafa rungumi dabi'ar mara lamba Laser ruwa matakin atomatik iko.Na'urar yin simintin gabaɗaya tana ɗaukar ƙugiya mai ƙarfi, watsa injina, sanyayataccen busasshen guntu mai kan layi da tarin guntu, yin alama ta atomatik, da karkatar da ingot.Tsarin yana da rikitarwa kuma matakin sarrafa kansa yana da girma.
C. Ci gaba da Yin Simintin Tsaye
Ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare a kwance na iya samar da billet da wayoyi.
Simintin gyare-gyare na kwance a kwance yana iya samar da jan ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe tare da kauri na 14-20mm.Za a iya yin birgima kai tsaye a cikin wannan kauri mai kauri ba tare da mirgina mai zafi ba, don haka ana amfani da su sau da yawa don samar da alluran da ke da wuyar yin zafi (kamar tin. Phosphor Bronze, Guar Brass, da dai sauransu), kuma na iya samar da tagulla. cupronickel da low alloyed jan karfe gami tsiri.Dangane da faɗin tsirin simintin, ci gaba da yin simintin a kwance na iya jefa tsiri 1 zuwa 4 a lokaci guda.Na'urorin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka saba amfani da su a kwance suna iya jefa tsiri biyu a lokaci guda, kowanne da faɗin ƙasa da 450 mm, ko jefa tsiri ɗaya mai faɗin tsiri na 650-900 mm.Simintin gyare-gyare a kwance gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar tsarin simintin simintin ture-tsayawa-sake turawa, kuma akwai layukan ƙirƙira lokaci-lokaci a saman, waɗanda yakamata a kawar da su gabaɗaya ta hanyar niƙa.Akwai misalan cikin gida na tulun jan karfe masu tsayi waɗanda za a iya samar da su ta hanyar zane da jefar da ɗigon tsiri ba tare da niƙa ba.
Ci gaba da yin simintin a kwance na bututu, sanda da wayoyi na waya na iya jefa ingots 1 zuwa 20 a lokaci guda bisa ga gami da ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban.Gabaɗaya, diamita na mashaya ko waya mara kyau shine 6 zuwa 400 mm, kuma diamita na waje na bututun shine 25 zuwa 300 mm.Kaurin bango shine 5-50 mm, kuma tsawon gefen ingot shine 20-300 mm.Amfanin hanyar simintin ci gaba da kwance a kwance shine cewa tsarin yana da gajere, farashin masana'anta yana da ƙasa, kuma ingancin samarwa yana da girma.A lokaci guda kuma, hanya ce ta samarwa da ake buƙata don wasu kayan gami da ƙarancin aiki mai zafi.Kwanan nan, ita ce babbar hanyar yin billet na kayayyakin jan karfe da aka saba amfani da su kamar su tin-phosphor bronze strips, zinc-nickel alloy strips, da bututun iskar tagulla na phosphorus-deoxidized.hanyoyin samarwa.
Rashin daidaituwa na tsarin samarwa na kwance sune: Abubuwan da suka dace da nau'in kayan kwalliya suna da sauki, kayan aikin kayan zane a cikin hannun damans na giciye ba sauƙin sarrafawa.Ƙananan ɓangaren ingot yana ci gaba da sanyaya saboda tasirin nauyi, wanda ke kusa da bangon ciki na mold, kuma hatsi sun fi kyau;babban sashi yana faruwa ne saboda samuwar iska da kuma yawan zafin jiki na narkewa, wanda ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfi na ingot, wanda ke rage saurin sanyaya kuma yana sa ingot solidification hysteresis.Tsarin lu'ulu'u yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, wanda ke bayyane musamman ga manyan ingots masu girma.Dangane da gazawar da ke sama, a halin yanzu ana haɓaka hanyar lanƙwasa a tsaye tare da billet.Wani kamfani na Jamus ya yi amfani da caster mai ci gaba da lankwasa a tsaye don yin gwajin simintin (16-18) mm × 680 mm tin tagulla irin su DHP da CuSn6 a gudun 600 mm/min.
D. Ci gaba da Yin Simintin Ɗaukaka
Ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyaren zuwa sama fasahar simintin gyare-gyare ce da ta bunƙasa cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 30 da suka gabata, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai wajen kera wayoyin hannu don samar da sandunan tagulla mai haske.Yana amfani da ƙa'idar vacuum tsotsa simintin gyare-gyare kuma tana ɗaukar fasahar ja-in-ja don ci gaba da yin simintin kai-da-kai.Yana da halaye na kayan aiki masu sauƙi, ƙananan zuba jari, ƙananan asarar ƙarfe, da ƙananan hanyoyin gurɓataccen muhalli.Ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyaren zuwa sama gabaɗaya ya dace don samar da jajayen jan ƙarfe da wayoyi na waya na jan ƙarfe mara iskar oxygen.Sabuwar nasarar da aka samu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ita ce yaɗuwarta da aikace-aikacenta a cikin manyan bututun bututu mai tsayi, tagulla da kumfa.A halin yanzu, an haɓaka naúrar simintin gyare-gyaren zuwa sama tare da fitowar shekara ta 5,000 t da diamita fiye da Φ100 mm;binary talakawa brass da zinc-fari jan karfe ternary gami waya billlets an samar, da kuma yawan amfanin da waya billlets iya kai fiye da 90%.
E. Sauran Dabarun Yin Zama
Ana ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar billet ɗin.Yana shawo kan lahani kamar alamomin ɓangarorin da aka kafa a saman saman billet saboda tsaiwar-jawo na ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare na sama, kuma ingancin saman yana da kyau.Kuma saboda kusan halayen ƙarfafawar jagoranci, tsarin cikin gida ya fi daidai kuma yana da tsabta, don haka aikin samfurin shima ya fi kyau.Fasahar samar da nau'in bel ɗin ci gaba da yin simintin tagulla na waya an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin manyan layin samarwa sama da tan 3.A giciye-section yanki na slab ne kullum fiye da 2000 mm2, kuma shi ne biye da wani ci gaba da mirgina niƙa tare da high samar da inganci.
An gwada simintin lantarki a ƙasata tun farkon shekarun 1970, amma ba a sami nasarar samar da masana'antu ba.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fasahar simintin lantarki ta lantarki ta sami babban ci gaba.A halin yanzu, ingots na jan karfe mara iskar oxygen na Φ200 mm an yi nasarar jefa tare da santsi.A lokaci guda kuma, tasirin motsa jiki na filin lantarki akan narke zai iya inganta shaye-shaye da cire slag, kuma ana iya samun jan ƙarfe mara oxygen tare da abun ciki na oxygen ƙasa da 0.001%.
Jagoran sabon fasahar simintin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe shine don haɓaka tsarin ƙirar ta hanyar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, saurin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, haɓaka mai ƙarfi, motsawar lantarki, jiyya na metamorphic, sarrafa matakin ruwa ta atomatik da sauran hanyoyin fasaha bisa ga ka'idar ƙarfi., densification, tsarkakewa, da kuma gane ci gaba da aiki da kuma kusa-karshen forming.
A cikin dogon lokaci, simintin gyare-gyaren tagulla da tagulla za su kasance tare da fasahar simintin ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da fasahar simintin gyare-gyare, kuma adadin aikace-aikacen ci gaba da fasahar simintin zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
Fasahar Girgizar Ruwa
Dangane da ƙayyadaddun tsiri na birgima da tsarin mirgina, mirgina sanyi yana rarrabuwa zuwa fure, mirgina tsaka-tsaki da jujjuyawa.Tsarin sanyi na juyar da tsiri na simintin gyare-gyare tare da kauri daga 14 zuwa 16 mm da kuma billet mai zafi mai kauri mai kusan 5 zuwa 16 mm zuwa 2 zuwa 6 mm ana kiransa blooming, kuma tsarin ci gaba da rage kaurin guntun birgima ana kiransa mirgina matsakaici., Ƙarƙashin sanyi na ƙarshe don saduwa da buƙatun samfurin da aka gama ana kiran shi ƙarewa.
Tsarin mirgina sanyi yana buƙatar sarrafa tsarin raguwa ( jimlar sarrafa aiki, ƙimar sarrafawa da ƙimar sarrafa samfuran ƙãre) bisa ga gami daban-daban, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mirgina da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikin samfur, zaɓi da dacewa da daidaita siffar mirgine, kuma a hankali zaɓi lubrication. hanya da mai.Ma'aunin tashin hankali da daidaitawa.
Ciki na sanyi gabaɗaya suna amfani da injinan jujjuyawa masu tsayi huɗu ko masu yawa.Motoci masu sanyi na zamani gabaɗaya suna amfani da jerin fasahohi kamar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tabbatacce da lankwasawa mara kyau, sarrafa kai tsaye na kauri, matsa lamba da tashin hankali, motsi axial na rolls, sanyaya yanki na rolls, sarrafa atomatik na siffar farantin, da daidaitawa ta atomatik na guntun birgima. , ta yadda za a iya inganta daidaiton tsiri.Har zuwa 0.25 ± 0.005 mm kuma tsakanin 5I na siffar farantin.
Haɓaka haɓakar fasahar mirgina sanyi yana nunawa a cikin haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen manyan injinan mirgine da yawa, saurin mirginawa, mafi daidaitaccen kauri da sarrafa sifofi, da fasahohin taimako kamar sanyaya, lubrication, murɗa, tsakiya da saurin mirgina. canji.tacewa, da sauransu.
Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin-Ƙofar Furnace
Gilashin murhu da tanderun ɗagawa ana amfani da su gabaɗaya wajen samarwa masana'antu da gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi.Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin yana da girma kuma yawan wutar lantarki yana da girma.Ga masana'antun masana'antu, kayan tanderun na Luoyang Sigma tanderun ɗagawa shine fiber yumbu, wanda ke da tasirin ceton makamashi mai kyau, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi.Ajiye wutar lantarki da lokaci, wanda ke da amfani don ƙara yawan samarwa.
Shekaru 25 da suka gabata, kamfanin BRANDS na Jamus da Philips, babban kamfani a masana'antar kera takin zamani, tare da kera wata sabuwar na'ura.Ci gaban wannan kayan aiki yana kula da bukatun musamman na masana'antar ferrite.Yayin wannan tsari, ana ci gaba da sabunta BRANDS Bell Furnace.
Yana mai da hankali kan bukatun manyan kamfanoni na duniya irin su Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, da dai sauransu, wadanda kuma suke cin gajiyar kayan aiki masu inganci na BRANDS.
Saboda babban kwanciyar hankali na samfuran da aka samar da murhun kararrawa, murhun kararrawa sun zama manyan kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar samar da ferrite.Shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata, kiln na farko da BRANDS ya yi har yanzu yana samar da ingantattun kayayyaki ga Philips.
Babban halayyar wutar lantarki da aka ba da tanderun kararrawa shine babban ingancinsa.Tsarinsa na fasaha na fasaha da sauran kayan aiki suna samar da cikakkiyar na'ura mai aiki, wanda zai iya cika kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ake bukata na masana'antar ferrite.
Abokan wutar lantarki na Bell jar za su iya tsarawa da adana kowane bayanin martaba / yanayin yanayin da ake buƙata don samar da samfuran inganci.Bugu da ƙari, abokan ciniki kuma za su iya samar da kowane samfuri a cikin lokaci bisa ga ainihin buƙatun, ta haka rage lokutan gubar da rage farashi.Kayan aikin sintiri dole ne su sami daidaito mai kyau don samar da samfuran iri daban-daban don ci gaba da dacewa da bukatun kasuwa.Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a samar da samfuran da suka dace daidai da bukatun abokin ciniki ɗaya.
Kyakkyawan masana'anta na ferrite na iya samar da maganadisu sama da 1000 daban-daban don biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki na musamman.Waɗannan suna buƙatar ikon maimaita tsarin sintiri tare da madaidaicin madaidaici.Tsarin wutar lantarki na Bell jar sun zama daidaitattun tanderu ga duk masu kera ferrite.
A cikin masana'antar ferrite, waɗannan tanderun ana amfani da su ne don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙimar ƙimar μ, musamman a cikin masana'antar sadarwa.Ba shi yiwuwa a samar da ma'auni masu inganci ba tare da tanderun kararrawa ba.
Tanderun kararrawa na bukatar ’yan kadan ne kawai a lokacin da ake yin na’ura, za a iya kammala lodi da sauke kaya da rana, sannan ana iya kammala aikin daddare, wanda zai ba da damar aske wutar lantarki, wanda ke da amfani sosai a halin da ake ciki na karancin wutar lantarki a yau.Murnar Bell jar tana samar da kayayyaki masu inganci, kuma duk ƙarin saka hannun jari ana samun saurin dawowa saboda samfuran inganci.Zazzabi da sarrafa yanayi, ƙirar tanderu da sarrafa iska a cikin tanderun duk an haɗa su da kyau don tabbatar da dumama samfurin iri ɗaya da sanyaya.Kula da yanayin kiln yayin sanyaya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da zafin jiki na kiln kuma yana iya ba da garantin abun ciki na oxygen na 0.005% ko ma ƙasa.Kuma waɗannan abubuwa ne masu fafatawa da juna ba za su iya yi ba.
Godiya ga cikakken tsarin shigar da shirye-shirye na alphanumeric, ana iya yin kwafi na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, don haka tabbatar da ingancin samfur.Lokacin sayar da samfur, yana kuma nuna ingancin samfurin.
Fasahar Maganin Zafi
Wasu 'yan gabobin alloy (tsitsi) tare da rarrabuwar dendrite mai tsanani ko jefar da damuwa, irin su tin-phosphor bronze, suna buƙatar shan maganin homogenization na musamman, wanda galibi ana aiwatar dashi a cikin tanderun ƙararrawa.Matsakaicin zafin jiki na homogenization annealing shine gabaɗaya tsakanin 600 da 750 ° C.
A halin yanzu, mafi yawan matsakaitan annealing (recrystallization annealing) da kuma gama annealing (annealing don sarrafa jihar da aikin da samfurin) na jan karfe gami tube ne mai haske annealed da gas kariya.Nau'in tanderun sun haɗa da murhun ƙararrawa, tanderun matashin iska, murhu a tsaye, da dai sauransu. Ana fitar da iskar oxygen annealing.
Haɓaka haɓakar fasahar jiyya na zafi yana nunawa a cikin zafi mai jujjuyawa akan layi-layi maganin maganin hazo-ƙarfafa kayan gami da fasahar jiyya mai zafi mai zuwa, ci gaba mai haske da tashin hankali a cikin yanayi mai karewa.
Quenching-Ana amfani da maganin zafi na tsufa don ƙarfafa zafi da za a iya magancewa na gami da jan karfe.Ta hanyar magani mai zafi, samfurin yana canza microstructure kuma yana samun abubuwan da ake buƙata na musamman.Tare da haɓaka haɓakar ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakar haɓakawa, za a fi amfani da tsarin kula da zafi mai kashewa.Kayan aikin jiyya na tsufa kusan iri ɗaya ne da na'urorin cirewa.
Fasahar Extrusion
Extrusion wani balagagge ne kuma ci-gaba da jan karfe da bututun gami da jan karfe, sanda, samar da bayanan martaba da hanyar samar da billet.Ta hanyar canza mutu ko amfani da hanyar extrusion perforation, daban-daban gami iri-iri da daban-daban giciye-section siffofi za a iya kai tsaye extruded.Ta hanyar extrusion, simintin simintin gyare-gyare na ingot yana canzawa zuwa tsarin da aka sarrafa, kuma bututun da aka fitar da billet da mashaya suna da daidaito mai girma, kuma tsarin yana da kyau kuma daidai.Hanyar extrusion hanya ce ta samarwa da masana'antun bututun tagulla da na sanda na gida da na waje ke amfani da su.
Ƙirƙirar ƙirar tagulla galibi ana yin ta ne ta hanyar masana'antun injina a cikin ƙasata, galibi waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙirƙira kyauta da ƙirƙira ta mutu, kamar manyan gears, gear tsutsa, tsutsotsi, zoben gear kayan aiki na mota, da sauransu.
Hanyar extrusion za a iya raba zuwa iri uku: gaba extrusion, baya extrusion da kuma musamman extrusion.Daga cikin su, akwai aikace-aikace masu yawa na extrusion na gaba, ana amfani da reverse extrusion a cikin samar da ƙananan sanduna da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan da wayoyi, kuma ana amfani da extrusion na musamman a cikin samarwa na musamman.
A lokacin da extruding, bisa ga kaddarorin gami, da fasaha bukatun na extruded kayayyakin, da kuma iya aiki da kuma tsarin na extruder, nau'i, size da kuma extrusion coefficient na ingot ya kamata a zažužžukan da hankali, don haka da matakin nakasawa ne. ba kasa da 85%.Matsakaicin zafin jiki da saurin extrusion sune ma'auni na asali na tsarin extrusion, kuma ya kamata a ƙayyade kewayon zafin jiki mai dacewa bisa ga zane na filastik da zane na lokaci na karfe.Ga ma'aunin jan karfe da jan karfe, yawan zafin jiki na extrusion yana tsakanin 570 da 950 ° C, kuma zafin da ke fitowa daga jan karfe ya kai 1000 zuwa 1050 ° C.Idan aka kwatanta da zafin zafin jiki na extrusion Silinda na 400 zuwa 450 ° C, bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin su biyu yana da inganci.Idan gudun extrusion ya yi yawa a hankali, yanayin zafin saman ingot zai ragu da sauri, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa na kwararar karfe, wanda zai haifar da karuwa a cikin nauyin extrusion, har ma ya haifar da wani abu mai ban sha'awa. .Saboda haka, jan karfe da jan karfe gami gabaɗaya suna amfani da in mun gwada da High-gudun extrusion, da extrusion gudun iya isa fiye da 50 mm/s.
Lokacin da aka fitar da gawawwakin jan ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe, ana amfani da peeling extrusion sau da yawa don kawar da lahani na ingot, kuma kauri na peeling shine 1-2 m.Ana amfani da rufewar ruwa gabaɗaya a wurin fitan billet ɗin extrusion, ta yadda samfurin zai iya sanyaya a cikin tankin ruwa bayan extrusion, kuma fuskar samfurin ba ta da oxidized, kuma ana iya aiwatar da sarrafa sanyi na gaba ba tare da tsinkewa ba.Yana kula da yin amfani da babban-tonnage extruder tare da synchronous daukan-up na'urar don extrude bututu ko waya coils tare da guda daya nauyi fiye da 500 kg, ta yadda yadda ya kamata inganta samar da inganci da kuma m yawan amfanin ƙasa na gaba.A halin yanzu, samar da tagulla da jan ƙarfe gami bututu mafi yawa rungumi dabi'ar kwance na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa gaba extruders tare da m perforation tsarin (biyu-aiki) da kuma kai tsaye mai famfo watsa, da kuma samar da sanduna mafi yawa rungumi dabi'ar ba m perforation tsarin (guda-aiki) da kuma. mai kai tsaye watsawa.Horizontal hydraulic gaba ko baya extruder.Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na extruder sun kasance 8-50 MN, kuma yanzu ana tsammanin za a samar da shi ta hanyar manyan masu fitar da kaya sama da miliyan 40 don haɓaka nauyin guda ɗaya na ingot, ta yadda za a inganta ingantaccen samarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Na zamani a kwance na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa extruders an structurally sanye take da prestressed integral frame, extrusion ganga "X" jagora da goyan baya, ginannen tsarin perforation, perforation allura ciki sanyaya, zamiya ko Rotary mutu saitin da sauri Die canza na'urar, high-ikon canza man famfo kai tsaye drive, hadedde dabaru bawul, PLC iko da sauran ci-gaba fasahar, da kayan aiki yana da high madaidaici, m tsarin, barga aiki, aminci interlocking, da kuma sauki gane shirin sarrafa.Ci gaba da fasahar extrusion (Conform) ta sami ɗan ci gaba a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, musamman don samar da sanduna masu siffa na musamman kamar wayoyi masu amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ke da kyakkyawan fata.A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, sabuwar fasahar extrusion ta haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma haɓakar haɓakar fasahar extrusion ta ƙunshi kamar haka: (1) Kayan aikin cirewa.Ƙarfin fitar da wutar lantarki na extrusion press zai ci gaba a cikin mafi girma, da kuma extrusion pressing fiye da 30MN zai zama babban jiki, da kuma aiki da kai na extrusion pressing line zai ci gaba da inganta.Na'urorin extrusion na zamani gaba daya sun karɓi sarrafa tsarin kwamfuta da sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye, ta yadda aikin samarwa ya inganta sosai, masu aiki suna raguwa sosai, har ma yana yiwuwa a gane aikin da ba a sarrafa ba ta atomatik na layin samar da extrusion.
Tsarin jiki na extruder kuma an ci gaba da ingantawa kuma an inganta shi.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a kwance sun karɓi firam ɗin da aka riga aka saita don tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin gaba ɗaya.Extruder na zamani yana gane hanyoyin gaba da baya.The extruder sanye take da biyu extrusion shafts (babban extrusion shaft da mutu shaft).A lokacin extrusion, silinda extrusion yana motsawa tare da babban shaft.A wannan lokacin, samfurin shine Jagoran fitowar ya yi daidai da jagorancin motsi na babban shaft kuma akasin madaidaicin motsin motsi na axis mutu.Tushen mutuwa na extruder kuma yana ɗaukar daidaitawar tashoshi da yawa, wanda ba kawai sauƙaƙe canjin mutuwa ba, amma kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar samarwa.Masu haɓakawa na zamani suna amfani da na'urar sarrafa gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na laser, wanda ke ba da ingantaccen bayanai game da yanayin layin cibiyar extrusion, wanda ya dace da daidaitaccen lokaci da sauri.Matsakaicin famfo mai ɗaukar nauyi kai tsaye mai amfani da mai amfani da mai kamar yadda matsakaicin aiki ya maye gurbin latsawa na hydraulic gaba ɗaya.Hakanan ana sabunta kayan aikin extrusion koyaushe tare da haɓaka fasahar extrusion.An haɓaka allurar huda ruwa mai sanyaya ruwa a ko'ina, kuma madaidaicin huda da allura mai jujjuyawa na inganta tasirin sa mai.yumbu molds da gami karfe kyawon tsayuwa tare da tsawon rai da mafi girma surface ingancin ne mafi yadu amfani.
Hakanan ana sabunta kayan aikin extrusion koyaushe tare da haɓaka fasahar extrusion.An haɓaka allurar huda ruwa mai sanyaya ruwa a ko'ina, kuma madaidaicin huda da allura mai jujjuyawa na inganta tasirin sa mai.Aikace-aikace na yumbu gyare-gyare da kuma gami karfe molds tare da tsawon rai da mafi girma surface ingancin ya fi shahara.(2) Extrusion samar da tsari.Iri da ƙayyadaddun samfuran extruded suna haɓaka koyaushe.The extrusion na kananan-section, matsananci-high-daidaici bututu, sanduna, profiles da super-manyan bayanan martaba tabbatar da bayyanar ingancin kayayyakin, rage ciki lahani na kayayyakin, rage geometric asarar, da kuma kara inganta extrusion hanyoyin kamar uniform yi na extruded. samfurori.Hakanan ana amfani da fasahar jujjuyawar zamani ta zamani.Domin sauƙi oxidized karafa, ruwa hatimi extrusion aka soma, wanda zai iya rage pickling gurbatawa, rage karfe asarar, da kuma inganta surface ingancin kayayyakin.Don samfuran extruded waɗanda ke buƙatar kashewa, kawai sarrafa zafin da ya dace.Hanyar extrusion hatimi na ruwa na iya cimma manufar, yadda ya kamata ya rage tsarin samarwa da adana makamashi.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin extruder da fasaha na extrusion, fasahar extrusion na zamani an yi amfani da hankali a hankali, kamar isothermal extrusion, sanyaya mutu extrusion, high-gudun extrusion da sauran fasahar extrusion gaba, baya extrusion, hydrostatic extrusion A aikace aikace-aikace na ci gaba da extrusion fasahar. na latsawa da Daidaita, aikace-aikace na foda extrusion da kuma Layered composite extrusion fasahar na low zafin jiki superconducting kayan, da ci gaban da sababbin hanyoyin kamar Semi-m karfe extrusion da Multi-blank extrusion, da ci gaban kananan daidaici sassa Cold extrusion kafa fasaha, da dai sauransu, an samu ci gaba cikin sauri da bunƙasa da kuma amfani da su.
Spectrometer
Spectroscope kayan aikin kimiyya ne wanda ke lalata haske tare da hadadden abun da ke ciki zuwa layukan gani.Hasken launuka bakwai a cikin hasken rana shine bangaren da ido tsirara zai iya bambance (hasken bayyane), amma idan hasken rana ya lalace ta hanyar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma an jera shi gwargwadon tsayin daka, hasken da ake iya gani yana mamaye karamin zango ne kawai a cikin bakan, sauran kuma su ne. bakan da ba za a iya bambanta da ido tsirara ba, irin su infrared haskoki, microwaves, UV rays, X-rays, da dai sauransu. Ana ɗaukar bayanan gani ta hanyar spectrometer, haɓakawa tare da fim ɗin hoto, ko nunawa kuma an bincika ta hanyar nuni ta atomatik na kwamfuta. kayan aikin lambobi, don gano abubuwan da ke cikin labarin.Ana amfani da wannan fasaha sosai wajen gano gurbacewar iska, gurbacewar ruwa, tsaftar abinci, masana'antar karafa da sauransu.
Spectrometer, wanda kuma aka sani da spectrometer, an san shi sosai da spectrometer karatu kai tsaye.Na'urar da ke auna tsananin layukan gani a tsawon mabambantan raƙuman ruwa tare da masu gano hoto kamar bututun mai ɗaukar hoto.Ya ƙunshi tsagewar shiga, tsarin tarwatsawa, tsarin hoto da tsagewar fita ɗaya ko fiye.Ana raba hasken wutar lantarki na tushen radiation zuwa yankin da ake buƙata ko tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa ta hanyar tarwatsewar kashi, kuma ana auna ƙarfin a zaɓaɓɓen zangon da aka zaɓa (ko bincika takamaiman band).Akwai nau'i biyu na monochromators da polychromators.
Na'urar Gwaji - Mitar Ƙarfafawa
Na'urar gwaji ta hannu ta dijital (mitar ɗabi'a) FD-101 tana aiki da ƙa'idar ganowar yanzu kuma an ƙirƙira ta musamman bisa ga buƙatun gudanarwa na masana'antar lantarki.Ya dace da ka'idodin gwaji na masana'antar ƙarfe dangane da aiki da daidaito.
1. Eddy halin yanzu conductivity mita FD-101 yana da uku na musamman:
1) Na'urar yin amfani da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin daya tilo da ta wuce tantancewar Cibiyar Kayayyakin Jiragen Sama;
2) Na'urar da za a iya amfani da ita ta kasar Sin daya tilo wacce za ta iya biyan bukatun kamfanonin masana'antar jiragen sama;
3) Na'urar da ke sarrafa wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin daya tilo da aka fitar zuwa kasashe da dama.
2. Gabatarwar aikin samfur:
1) Babban kewayon aunawa: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS/m-64MS/m), wanda ya dace da gwajin watsi da duk karafa marasa ƙarfe.
2) Daidaitawar hankali: sauri kuma daidai, gaba ɗaya guje wa kurakuran daidaitawa da hannu.
3) Kayan aiki yana da ramuwa mai kyau na zafin jiki: ana biya karatun ta atomatik zuwa darajar a 20 ° C, kuma kuskuren ɗan adam bai shafi gyara ba.
4) Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali: shine mai tsaron ku don kula da inganci.
5) Manhajar software mai hazaka: Yana kawo muku ingantacciyar hanyar ganowa da ƙarfi sarrafa bayanai da ayyukan tattarawa.
6) Aiki mai dacewa: ana iya amfani da wurin samarwa da dakin gwaje-gwaje a ko'ina, samun tagomashin yawancin masu amfani.
7) Sauya kai na bincike: Kowane mai watsa shiri na iya sanye shi da bincike da yawa, kuma masu amfani za su iya maye gurbin su a kowane lokaci.
8) Ƙimar lamba: 0.1% IACS (MS/m)
9) Ma'aunin ma'auni a lokaci guda yana nuna ƙimar ma'auni a cikin raka'a biyu na% IACS da MS/m.
10) Yana da aikin riƙe bayanan ma'auni.
Gwajin Tauri
Kayan aikin yana ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun ƙira na musamman a cikin injiniyoyi, na'urorin gani da hasken haske, wanda ke sa hoton indent ɗin ya fi haske da ma'aunin daidai.Duka 20x da 40x ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa na iya shiga cikin ma'auni, yin girman kewayon ma'aunin kuma aikace-aikacen ya fi girma.Na'urar tana da na'urar auna ma'auni na dijital, wanda zai iya nuna hanyar gwaji, ƙarfin gwaji, tsayin shigarwa, ƙimar taurin, ƙarfin gwajin ƙarfin lokaci, lokutan aunawa, da sauransu akan allon ruwa, kuma yana da ƙirar zaren da za a iya haɗawa. zuwa kyamarar dijital da kyamarar CCD.Yana da takamaiman wakilci a cikin samfuran kai na gida.
Kayan Gwaji-Mai gano Juriya
Na'urar auna karfin waya ta ƙarfe kayan aikin gwaji ne mai girma don sigogi kamar waya, juriya na bar da kuma wutar lantarki.Ayyukansa sun cika cikakkiyar buƙatun fasaha masu dacewa a cikin GB/T3048.2 da GB/T3048.4.Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin ƙarfe, wutar lantarki, waya da kebul, na'urorin lantarki, kwalejoji da jami'o'i, sassan binciken kimiyya da sauran masana'antu.
Babban fasali na kayan aiki:
(1) Yana haɗa fasahar lantarki mai ci gaba, fasaha guda ɗaya da fasahar ganowa ta atomatik, tare da aiki mai ƙarfi da aiki mai sauƙi;
(2) Kawai danna maɓallin sau ɗaya, ana iya samun duk ƙimar ƙididdiga ba tare da wani ƙididdiga ba, dace da ci gaba, sauri da ingantaccen ganowa;
(3) Zane mai amfani da baturi, ƙananan girman, sauƙin ɗauka, dacewa da filin da filin;
(4) Large allo, babban font, iya nuna resistivity, conductivity, juriya da sauran auna dabi'u da zazzabi, gwajin halin yanzu, zazzabi ramuwa coefficient da sauran karin sigogi a lokaci guda, sosai ilhama;
(5) Daya na'ura ne Multi-manufa, tare da 3 auna musaya, wato conductor resistivity da conductivity auna dubawa, na USB m siga ma'auni dubawa, da kuma USB DC juriya dubawa dubawa (TX-300B type);
(6) Kowane ma'auni yana da ayyuka na zaɓi na atomatik na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, canjin atomatik na yau da kullun, gyare-gyaren sifili ta atomatik, da gyare-gyaren zafin jiki na atomatik don tabbatar da daidaiton kowane ƙimar ma'auni;
(7) Na musamman šaukuwa hudu-tashar gwajin na'urar ya dace da sauri ma'auni na daban-daban kayan da daban-daban dalla-dalla na wayoyi ko sanduna;
(8) Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar bayanan da aka gina, wanda zai iya yin rikodi da adana bayanan ma'auni 1000 da ma'aunin ma'auni, kuma ya haɗa zuwa kwamfutar ta sama don samar da cikakken rahoto.